Editorial & sourcing policy

• Read as structure. The subject is the design of decision, organisation and information that decided the outcome — not the brilliance of the winner.
• The loser was not a fool. Starting from the premise that the losing side's judgment was rational at the time, we ask where that premise broke.
• No flattery. Even received wisdom is not adopted where exaggeration or assertion is unsupported by the sources.

Each article cites three or more major secondary works by researchers and shows the correspondence in the text as [1][2]. Anecdotes or numbers not traceable to a primary source are marked as uncertain ("said to…", "accounts differ") rather than asserted.

Figures derived from a victor's official communiqués may be exaggerated for propaganda, so we do not feed them directly into an analysis of why they won. We keep "what happened on the field" separate from "the story the report built."

Numbers such as strengths and losses vary by source. We do not assert a single value; we give a minimum–maximum range. The same figure is held once as the site's single source and reflected into every language, rather than re-keyed at each translation (to prevent inconsistency). Ages are computed directly from birth/death dates and the date of the event.

"What if…" counterfactual simulations are thought experiments for weighing the importance of a factor, not assertions about what happened; the text marks them as untestable. Interpretations and assessments are the author's source-based views and do not claim to be the only correct answer.

When a factual error, a mistaken source or an inappropriate expression comes to light, we verify and correct the text promptly. Reader reports are welcome at info@lb-product.com. Significant, content-affecting corrections are recorded where feasible.

This site may display third-party ads (Google AdSense), but neither the presence of ads nor any advertiser influences an article's assessment or conclusions. The handling of ads and cookies is described in the privacy policy.